1. Probable Cause / Reason:
•    Presence of soluble salts, pigments, or corrosion products beneath the coating.
•    Retained solvents in the coating film or from previous cargo exposure.
•    Cathodic disbonding and thermal stresses causing coating lift-off.
•    Cold-wall effects and compressive stresses creating localized blistering.

2. Correction / Repair:
•    Identify and remove all blistered and poorly adhered coating areas.
•    Thoroughly clean and prepare the surface, ensuring no soluble salts remain.
•    Apply an appropriate primer and topcoat after confirming surface readiness.
•    Ensure correct application techniques to avoid solvent entrapment.

3. Corrective Action / Prevention:
•    Perform surface preparation tests for soluble salts and contaminants.
•    Apply coating systems suited to the operating environment and conditions.
•    Follow proper drying times, environmental controls, and product guidelines.

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